Bounded Model Checking for Asynchronous Hyperproperties

Many types of attacks on confidentiality stem from the nondeterministic nature of the environment that computer programs operate in. We focus on verification of confidentiality in nondeterministic environments by reasoning about asynchronous hyperproperties. We generalize the temporal logic A-HLTL to allow nested trajectory quantification, where a trajectory determines how different execution traces may advance and stutter. We propose a bounded model checking algorithm for A-HLTL based on QBF-solving for a fragment of A-HLTL and evaluate it by various case studies on concurrent programs, scheduling attacks, compiler optimization, speculative execution, and cache timing attacks. We also rigorously analyze the complexity of model checking A-HLTL.